Examines c di gmp signaling from a variety of angles beginning with an introductory chapter that compares c di gmp to the better known second messenger camp recounts the discovery of c di gmp explains the important role of bioinformatics in the development and continued evolution of the field and describes the fundamental structure . Cyclic di gmp also called cyclic diguanylate and c di gmp is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide variety of bacteria cyclic di gmp is not known to be used by archaea and has only been observed in eukaryotes in dictyostelium 2. Although c di gmp is considered an intracellular second messenger application of c di gmp from the outside of a bacterial cell affected virulence and biofilm formation in staphylococcus aureus 47 48 and fimbrial expression in p. Cyclic di gmp c di gmp is a global bacterial second messenger that controls a wide range of cellular processes that contribute to surface adaptation biofilm formation cell cycle progression . In many bacterial species the second messenger cyclic di gmp c di gmp negatively regulates flagellar motility and in some cases virulence c di gmp was previously shown to repress motility of c difficile